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Lu, K.; 高見澤 悠; Li, Y.; 眞崎 浩一*; 高越 大輝*; 永井 政貴*; 南日 卓*; 村上 健太*; 関東 康祐*; 八代醍 健志*; et al.
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 10(4), p.22-00484_1 - 22-00484_13, 2023/08
A probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code, PASCAL, has been developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency for failure probability and failure frequency evaluation of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and thermal transients. To strengthen the applicability of PASCAL, considerable efforts on verifications of the PASCAL code have been made in the past years. As a part of the verification activities, a working group consisted of different organizations from industry, universities and institutes, was established in Japan. In the early phase, the working group focused on verifying the PFM analysis functions for RPVs in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) subjected to pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events. Recently, the PASCAL code has been improved in order to run PFM analyses for both RPVs in PWRs and boiling water reactors (BWRs) subjected to a broad range of transients. Simultaneously, the working group initiated a verification plan for the improved PASCAL through independent PFM analyses by different organizations. Concretely, verification analyses for a PWR-type RPV subjected to PTS transients and a BWR-type RPV subjected to a low-temperature over pressure transient were performed using PASCAL. This paper summarizes those verification activities, including the verification plan, analysis conditions and results. Based on the verification studies, the reliability of PASCAL for probabilistic integrity assessments of Japanese RPVs was confirmed with confidence.
Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.
Proceedings of ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2020) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2020/08
In Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code, PASCAL4, for probabilistic evaluation of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events. Besides severe PTS events, however, transients associated with normal operations, such as the cooldown and heatup transients associated with reactor shutdown and startup, respectively, should also be considered in the integrity assessment of RPVs in both PWRs and boiling water reactors (BWRs). With regard to a heatup transient, because temperature is at its minimum, and tensile stress at its maximum on the RPV outer surface, outer surface crack and embedded crack near the RPV outer surface should be taken into account. To extend the applicability of PASCAL4, we improved the code to include analysis functions for these cracks. The improved PASCAL4 can be used to run PFM analyses of RPVs subjected to both cooldown (including PTS) and heatup transients. In this paper, improvements made to PASCAL4 are firstly described, including the incorporated stress intensity factor solutions and the corresponding calculation methods for vessel outer surface crack and embedded crack near the outer surface. Using the improved PASCAL4, PFM analysis examples for a Japanese BWR-type model RPV subjected to thermal transients including a low temperature overpressure event and a heatup transient are presented.
Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; 宮本 裕平*; 廣田 貴俊*; 板橋 遊*; 永井 政貴*; 鈴木 雅秀*; 関東 康祐*
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 7(3), p.19-00573_1 - 19-00573_14, 2020/06
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is considered a promising methodology in assessing the integrity of structural components in nuclear power plants because it can rationally represent the influence parameters in their probabilistic distributions without over-conservativeness. In Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code PASCAL4 (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs Version 4) which enables the probabilistic integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. Several efforts have been made to verify PASCAL4 to ensure that this code can provide reliable analysis results. In particular, a Japanese working group, which consists of different participants from the industry and from universities and institutes, has been established to conduct the verification studies. This paper summarizes verification activities of the working group in the past two years. Based on those verification activities, the reliability and applicability of PASCAL4 for structural integrity assessments of Japanese RPVs have been confirmed with great confidence.
Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; 吉村 忍*
Proceedings of 2019 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2019) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/07
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) methodology, which represents the influence parameters in their inherent probabilistic distributions, is deemed to be promising in the structural integrity assessment of pressure-boundary components in nuclear power plants. To strengthen the applicability of PFM methodology in Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code called PASCAL4 (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs Version 4) which can be used to evaluate the failure frequency of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. PASCAL4 is expected to make a significant contribution to the probabilistic integrity assessment of Japanese RPVs. In this study, PFM analyses are performed for a Japanese model RPV using PASCAL4, and the effects of non-destructive examination and neutron fluence mitigation on failure frequency of RPV are quantitatively evaluated. From the analysis results, it is concluded that PASCAL4 is useful for the structural integrity assessment of RPVs and can enhance the applicability of PFM methodology.
Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; 宮本 裕平*; 廣田 貴俊*; 板橋 遊*; 永井 政貴*; 鈴木 雅秀*; 関東 康祐*
Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2019/05
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is considered as a promising methodology in the integrity assessment of structural components in a nuclear power plant since it can rationally represent the influence parameters in their inherent probabilistic distributions without over-conservativeness. In Japan, a PFM analysis code called PASCAL4 (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs Version 4) has been developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency, which can be used for structural integrity assessments of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. Up till now, many efforts have been made on verifying the PASCAL4 code. Among them, a Japanese working group which is consisted of seven participants from industries, universities and institutes was established to conduct the verification studies. Based on verification activities during the past two years, the reliability and applicability of PASCAL4 for structural integrity assessments of Japanese RPVs were confirmed with great confidence. This paper summarizes the verification activities in this working group including the verification plan, analysis conditions and results.
Lu, K.; 眞崎 浩一; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.
Proceedings of 2018 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2018), 8 Pages, 2018/07
In Japan, a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code PASCAL has been developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency for structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs). The most recent release is PASCAL Version 4 (hereafter, PSACAL4) which can be used to evaluate the failure frequency of RPVs considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. For the integrity assessment of RPVs, development of crack evaluation models is important. In this study, finite element analyses are performed firstly to verify the stress intensity factor calculations of cracks in PASCAL4. In addition, the applicability of the crack evaluation models in PASCAL4 such as the location of embedded cracks, crack shape and depth of surface cracks, and the increment of crack propagation is investigated. Based on sensitivity analyses of crack evaluation models for Japanese RPVs using PASCAL4, the effects of these evaluation models on failure frequency are clarified. From the analysis results, crack evaluation models recommended to the failure frequency evaluation for a Japanese model RPV are discussed.
Lu, K.; 眞崎 浩一; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; 宇野 隼平*
Proceedings of 2018 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2018), 10 Pages, 2018/07
In Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code PASCAL (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs) for structural integrity assessment of Japanese reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock transients. By reflecting the latest knowledge and findings, the PASCAL code has been continuously improved. In this paper, the development of PASCAL Version 4 (hereafter, PASCAL4) is described. Several analysis functions incorporated into PASCAL4 for evaluating the failure frequency of RPVs are introduced, for example, the evaluation function of confidence level of failure frequency considering epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in probabilistic variables, the recent stress intensity factor (KI) solutions and KI calculation methods considering complicated stress distributions, and the recent Japanese irradiation embrittlement prediction method. Finally, using PASCAL4, a PFM analysis example for a Japanese model RPV is presented.
Lu, K.; 勝山 仁哉; 宇野 隼平; Li, Y.
Proceedings of 2017 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2017) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2017/07
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code PASCAL has been developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency for structural integrity assessments of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) by considering the inherent probabilistic distributions of various influence factors. For practical applications, several evaluation models are improved, and have been implemented into the current PASCAL code. In this paper, the improvements of PASCAL are introduced firstly, such as the evaluation method for underclad cracks, treatments of the complicated welding residual stress distribution, and evaluation models for the warm pre-stressing effect. In addition, the effects of these improvements on failure probability or failure frequency of RPVs are investigated by performing PFM analyses for domestic RPVs using PASCAL. From the analysis results, the effects of the improved evaluation models are discussed.
柴田 勝之; 鬼沢 邦雄; Li, Y.*; 関東 康祐*; 吉村 忍*
Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes and Standards (PVP-Vol.480), p.235 - 242, 2004/00
ASME Code Sec.XIでは、クラス1機器に対してプラント寿命期間を通して健全性が確保できる微小き裂のスクリーニング基準として評価不要欠陥が規定されている。一方、確率論的健全性評価の観点から、評価不要欠陥は、き裂形状によらず破損確率が一様になるように設定されているか、寿命中を通して十分低い破損確率が確保されているか等の疑問がある。さらに、破損確率に基づけばより合理的に評価不要欠陥が設定できる可能性がある。本研究では、Sec.XIに規定された容器の評価不要表面欠陥について、確率論的破壊力学コードPASCALを使用して加圧熱衝撃下における破損確率を種々のアスペクト比について行い、評価不要欠陥の破損確率に関する検討を行った。解析結果から、評価不要欠陥を有する原子炉容器の破損確率は、初期欠陥のアスペクト比に依存し、特に半円に近い欠陥の場合、表面からき裂が発生しやすくなるため、破損確率が高くなることがわかった。さらに、破損確率がアスペクト比に依存しないように評価不要欠陥の設定を試みた。
柴田 勝之; 関東 康祐*; 吉村 忍*; 矢川 元基*
Proceedings of 5th International Workshop on the Integrity of Nuclear Components, p.99 - 117, 2004/00
我が国における原子力機器の確率論的破壊力学の研究は、原研が中心になって進められてきた。原研は、機器の設計,検査,維持にかかわる確率論的手法に対する将来のニーズに備えて、1988年以来確率論的破壊力学(PFM)に関する研究を実施してきた。第1期の研究として、1988
1994年にかけて、委託研究により既存コードの調査,手法の調査・改良,標準手法の提案,ラウンドロビン解析等を実施した。その後、PFM手法のニーズ増大に応えて、1996年から、第2期として、原研独自コードの開発とPFM手法の軽水炉機器への適用検討を目的とした委託研究を実施している。委託研究は、日本溶接協会等への委託により実施した。本論文では、委託研究の経緯と概要,圧力容器の破損確率にかかわるラウンドロビン解析の結果,原研コードPASCALの概要等、圧力容器のPFMを中心に我が国の研究の現状を概説する。
海老根 典也; 山口 義仁; 勝山 仁哉; 西田 明美; Li, Y.
no journal, ,
減肉配管のフラジリティ評価を行うため、減肉配管の構造健全性をモンテカルロ法により評価する確率論的解析コードPASCAL-ECを改良し、地震応答応力の不確実性を考慮した確率論的モデル、減肉による地震応力の増加を考慮した簡易モデルおよび破壊評価モデル等の機能を導入した。それらの新たな機能及び改良したPASCAL-ECを用いた地震時減肉配管のフラジリティ試解析結果を報告する。
眞崎 浩一; 宇野 隼平*; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.
no journal, ,
国内において確率論的破壊力学(PFM)の適用性向上を図るためには、破損頻度の算出に用いられるPFM解析コードの検証が不可欠である。われわれは、原子力機構が整備を進めている原子炉圧力容器(RPV)に対するPFM解析コードPASCALに対する検証の一環として、PASCALに導入した機能の検証を行うとともに、米国のPFM解析コードFAVORとのベンチマーク解析を実施した。PASCALに整備した個々の機能検証、及びPASCALとFAVORのベンチマーク解析を通じて、PASCALの信頼性を検証し、実用性の向上を図った。
